{"id":3380,"date":"2024-08-18T12:48:08","date_gmt":"2024-08-18T07:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/expertvakil.com\/indian-kanoon\/?p=3380"},"modified":"2026-08-18T14:06:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T08:36:12","slug":"section-119-court-may-presume-existence-of-certain-facts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/expertvakil.com\/indian-kanoon\/bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-bsa\/section-119-court-may-presume-existence-of-certain-facts\/","title":{"rendered":"Section 119.\u00a0\u00a0 Court may presume existence of certain facts."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"secp90886\">(1) The Court may presume the existence of any fact which it thinks likely to have happened, regard being had to the common course of natural events, human conduct and public and private business, in their relation to the facts of the particular case.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Illustrations.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court may presume that&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) a man who is in possession of stolen goods soon, after the theft is either the thief or has received the goods knowing them to be stolen, unless he can account for his possession;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(a) a man who is in possession of stolen goods soon, after the theft is either the thief or has received the goods knowing them to be stolen, unless he can account for his possession;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(b) an accomplice is unworthy of credit, unless he is corroborated in material particulars;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(c) a bill of exchange, accepted or endorsed, was accepted or endorsed for good consideration;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) a thing or state of things which has been shown to be in existence within a period shorter than that within which such things or state of things usually cease to exist, is still in existence;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(e) judicial and official acts have been regularly performed;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(f) the common course of business has been followed in particular cases;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(g) evidence which could be and is not produced would, if produced, be unfavourable to the person who withholds it;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(h) if a man refuses to answer a question which he is not compelled to answer by law, the answer, if given, would be unfavourable to him;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(i) when a document creating an obligation is in the hands of the obligor, the obligation has been discharged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) The Court shall also have regard to such facts as the following, in considering whether such maxims do or do not apply to the particular case before it:&#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(i) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (a)<\/em>&#8211;a shop-keeper has in his bill a marked rupee soon after it was stolen, and cannot account for its possession specifically, but is continually receiving rupees in the course of his business;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(ii) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (b)<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211;A, a person of the highest character, is tried for causing a man&#8217;s death by an act of negligence in arranging certain machinery. B, a person of equally good character, who also took part in the arrangement, describes precisely what was done, and admits and explains the common carelessness of A and himself;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(iii) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (b)<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211;a crime is committed by several persons. A, B and C, three of the criminals, are captured on the spot and kept apart from each other. Each gives an account of the crime implicating D, and the accounts corroborate each other in such a manner as to render previous concert highly improbable;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(iv) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (c)<\/em>&#8211;A, the drawer of a bill of exchange, was a man of business. B, the acceptor, was a young and ignorant person, completely under A&#8217;s influence;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(v) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (d)<\/em>&#8211;it is proved that a river ran in a certain course five years ago, but it is known that there have been floods since that time which might change its course;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(vi) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (e)<\/em>&#8211;a judicial act, the regularity of which is in question, was performed under exceptional circumstances;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(vii) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (f)<\/em>&#8211;the question is, whether a letter was received. It is shown to have been posted, but the usual course of the post was interrupted by disturbances;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(viii) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (g)<\/em>&#8211;a man refuses to produce a document which would bear on a contract of small importance on which he is sued, but which might also injure the feelings and reputation of his family;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(ix) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (h)<\/em>&#8211;a man refuses to answer a question which he is not compelled by law to answer, but the answer to it might cause loss to him in matters unconnected with the matter in relation to which it is asked;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(x) as to&nbsp;<em>Illustration (i)<\/em>&#8211;a bond is in possession of the obligor, but the circumstances of the case are such that he may have stolen it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(1) The Court may presume the existence of any fact which it thinks likely to have happened, regard being had to the common course of natural events, human conduct and public and private business, in their relation to the facts of the particular case. Illustrations. The Court may presume that&#8211; (a) a man who is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[139,140,147,138,145,149,142,150,148,141,146,151,111,152,112,143,121,122,113,114,144],"class_list":["post-3380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-bharatiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-bsa","tag-bhartiya-sakshya-adhiniyam","tag-bhartiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-2023-in-hindi","tag-bhartiya-sakshya-adhiniyam-pdf-download","tag-bsa-2023","tag-bsa-2023-all-sections","tag-bsa-2023-chapters","tag-bsa-2023-pdf","tag-bsa-dhara-list","tag-bsa-section-wise-explanation","tag-bsa-sections-list","tag-bsa-vs-evidence-act-1872","tag-evidence-act","tag-expert-vakil","tag-expert-vakil-bsa","tag-expertvakil","tag-indian-evidence-act-2023","tag-indian-kanoon","tag-indiankanoon","tag-ishan-tathagat","tag-ishantathagat","tag-new-evidence-law-india"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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